1964 AHSME Problems/Problem 24

Problem

Let $y=(x-a)^2+(x-b)^2, a, b$ constants. For what value of $x$ is $y$ a minimum?

$\textbf{(A)}\ \frac{a+b}{2} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ a+b \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \sqrt{ab} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ \sqrt{\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}\qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \frac{a+b}{2ab}$

Solution 1

Expanding the quadratic and collecting terms gives $y = 2x^2 - (2a + 2b)x + (a^2+b^2)$ . For a quadratic of the form $y = Ax^2 + Bx + C$ with $A>0$ , $y$ is minimized when $x = -\frac{B}{2A}$ , which is the average of the roots.

Thus, the quadratic is minimized when $x = \frac{2a+2b}{2\cdot 2} = \frac{a+b}{2}$ , which is answer $\boxed{\textbf{(A)}}$ .

Solution 2

The problem should return real values for $ab = 0$ and $ab < 0$ , which eliminates $E$ and $C$ . We want to distinguish between options $A, B, D$ , and testing $(a, b) = (2, 0)$ should do that, as answers $A, B, D$ will turn into $1, 2, \sqrt{2}$ , respectively.

PLugging in $(a, b) = (2, 0)$ gives $y = (x - 2)^2 + x^2$ , or $y = 2x^2 - 4x + 4$ . This has a minimum at $x = -\frac{-4}{4}$ , or at $x=1$ . This is answer $\boxed{\textbf{(A)}}$ .

1964 AHSC (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 23	Followed by Problem 25
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All AHSME Problems and Solutions

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1964 AHSME Problems/Problem 24

Contents

Problem

Solution 1

Solution 2

See Also