Art of Problem Solving
Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 2-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

1993 USAMO Problems/Problem 2: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
Lucas.xue (talk | contribs)
editor
4 edits
Solution i used for Otis application, found it was pretty trivial
Der englander (talk | contribs)
editor
3 edits
 
(3 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 12: Line 12:
label('$E$',E,N);
label('$E$',E,N);
pair A,B,C,D;
pair A,B,C,D;
A=(10,0);
A=(9,0);
B=(0,13);
B=(0,13);
C=(-13,0);
C=(-13,0);
Line 39: Line 39:
label('$Z$',Z, SW);
label('$Z$',Z, SW);
label('$W$',W,SE);
label('$W$',W,SE);
dot(A);
dot(B);
dot(C);
dot(D);
dot(E);
dot(W);
dot(X);
dot(Y);
dot(Z);


</asy></td></tr></table></center><br/>
</asy></td></tr></table></center><br/>
Line 63: Line 73:
== Solution 2 ==
== Solution 2 ==


Suppose the reflection of E over AB is W, and similarly define X, Y, and Z. \newline
Suppose the reflection of E over AB is W, and similarly define X, Y, and Z.  
<math>\bigtriangleup BEA \cong \bigtriangleup BWA</math> by reflection gives <math>BE = BW</math> \newline
<math>\bigtriangleup BEA \cong \bigtriangleup BWA</math> by reflection gives <math>BE = BW</math>  
<math>\bigtriangleup BEC \cong \bigtriangleup BXC</math> by reflection gives <math>BE = BX</math> \newline
<math>\bigtriangleup BEC \cong \bigtriangleup BXC</math> by reflection gives <math>BE = BX</math>
These two tell us that E, W, and X belong to a circle with center B. \newline
These two tell us that E, W, and X belong to a circle with center B.  
Similarly, we can get that: \newline
Similarly, we can get that:  
E, Z, and W belong to a circle with center A, \newline
E, Z, and W belong to a circle with center A,  
E, X, and Y belong to a circle with center C, \newline
E, X, and Y belong to a circle with center C,  
E, Y, and Z belong to a circle with center D. \newline
E, Y, and Z belong to a circle with center D.  
\newline
 
To prove that W, X, Y, Z are concyclic, we want to prove <math>\angle XWZ + \angle XYZ = 180^o</math> \newline
To prove that W, X, Y, Z are concyclic, we want to prove <math>\angle XWZ + \angle XYZ = 180^o</math>  
<math>\angle XWZ + \angle XYZ = \angle XWE + \angle EWZ + \angle XYE + \angle EYZ</math> \newline
<math>\angle XWZ + \angle XYZ = \angle XWE + \angle EWZ + \angle XYE + \angle EYZ</math>  
<math> = \frac{1}{2} \angle XBE + \frac{1}{2} \angle EAZ + \frac{1}{2} \angle XCE + \frac{1}{2} \angle EDZ</math> \newline
<math> = \frac{1}{2} \angle XBE + \frac{1}{2} \angle EAZ + \frac{1}{2} \angle XCE + \frac{1}{2} \angle EDZ</math>  
<math> = \frac{1}{2} (\angle XBE + \angle XCE) + \frac{1}{2} (\angle EAZ + \angle EDZ)</math> \newline
<math> = \frac{1}{2} (\angle XBE + \angle XCE) + \frac{1}{2} (\angle EAZ + \angle EDZ)</math>  
\newline
 
<math>\angle AED = 90^o</math> and <math>\angle AED = \angle AZD</math> tells us that <math>\angle EAZ + \angle EDZ = 180^o</math> \newline
<math>\angle AED = 90^o</math> and <math>\angle AED = \angle AZD</math> tells us that <math>\angle EAZ + \angle EDZ = 180^o</math>  
Similarly, <math>\angle XBE + \angle XCE = 180^o</math> \newline
Similarly, <math>\angle XBE + \angle XCE = 180^o</math>  
Thus, <math>\angle XWZ + \angle XYZ = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 180^o + \frac{1}{2} \cdot 180^o = 180^o</math>, and we are done. \newline
Thus, <math>\angle XWZ + \angle XYZ = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 180^o + \frac{1}{2} \cdot 180^o = 180^o</math>, and we are done.  
-- Lucas.xue (someone pls help with a diagram)
-- Lucas.xue (someone pls help with a diagram)
==Solution 3==
E lies on the isoptic cubic of ABCD, so it has an isogonal conjugate in ABCD.




Latest revision as of 15:38, 10 July 2025

Problem 2

Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral such that diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ intersect at right angles, and let $E$ be their intersection. Prove that the reflections of $E$ across $AB$, $BC$, $CD$, $DA$ are concyclic.

Solution 1

Diagram

[asy] import olympiad; defaultpen(0.8pt+fontsize(12pt)); pair E; E=(0,0); label('$E$',E,N); pair A,B,C,D; A=(9,0); B=(0,13); C=(-13,0); D=(0,-11); draw(A--B--C--D--cycle,blue); label('$A$',A,E); label('$B$',B,N); label('$C$',C,W); label('$D$',D,S); pair T,R,S,Q; T=reflect(A, B)*E; R=reflect(C, B)*E; S=reflect(C, D)*E; Q=reflect(A, D)*E; pair W,X,Y,Z; W=extension(A,D,E,Q); X=extension(A,B,E,T); Y=extension(C,B,E,R); Z=extension(C,D,E,S); draw(W--X--Y--Z--cycle,red); label('$X$',X,NE); label('$Y$',Y,NW); label('$Z$',Z, SW); label('$W$',W,SE); dot(A); dot(B); dot(C); dot(D); dot(E); dot(W); dot(X); dot(Y); dot(Z); [/asy]


Work

Let $X$, $Y$, $Z$, $W$ be the foot of the altitude from point $E$ of $\triangle AEB$, $\triangle BEC$, $\triangle CED$, $\triangle DEA$.

Note that reflection of $E$ over all the points of $XYZW$ is similar to $XYZW$ with a scale of $2$ with center $E$. Thus, if $XYZW$ is cyclic, then the reflections are cyclic.


$\angle EWA$ is right angle and so is $\angle EXA$. Thus, $EXAW$ is cyclic with $EA$ being the diameter of the circumcircle.

Follow that, $\angle EWX\cong\angle EAX\cong \angle EAB$ because they inscribe the same angle.

Similarly $\angle EWZ\cong \angle EDC$, $\angle EYX\cong \angle EBA$, $\angle EYZ\cong \angle ECD$.


Futhermore, $m\angle XYZ+m\angle XWZ= m\angle EWX+m\angle EYX+m\angle EYZ+m\angle EWZ=$$360^\circ-m\angle CED-m\angle AEB=180^\circ$.


Thus, $\angle XYZ$ and $\angle XWZ$ are supplementary and follows that, $XYZW$ is cyclic.

$\mathbb{Q.E.D}$

Solution 2

Suppose the reflection of E over AB is W, and similarly define X, Y, and Z. $\bigtriangleup BEA \cong \bigtriangleup BWA$ by reflection gives $BE = BW$ $\bigtriangleup BEC \cong \bigtriangleup BXC$ by reflection gives $BE = BX$ These two tell us that E, W, and X belong to a circle with center B. Similarly, we can get that: E, Z, and W belong to a circle with center A, E, X, and Y belong to a circle with center C, E, Y, and Z belong to a circle with center D.

To prove that W, X, Y, Z are concyclic, we want to prove $\angle XWZ + \angle XYZ = 180^o$ $\angle XWZ + \angle XYZ = \angle XWE + \angle EWZ + \angle XYE + \angle EYZ$ $= \frac{1}{2} \angle XBE + \frac{1}{2} \angle EAZ + \frac{1}{2} \angle XCE + \frac{1}{2} \angle EDZ$ $= \frac{1}{2} (\angle XBE + \angle XCE) + \frac{1}{2} (\angle EAZ + \angle EDZ)$

$\angle AED = 90^o$ and $\angle AED = \angle AZD$ tells us that $\angle EAZ + \angle EDZ = 180^o$ Similarly, $\angle XBE + \angle XCE = 180^o$ Thus, $\angle XWZ + \angle XYZ = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 180^o + \frac{1}{2} \cdot 180^o = 180^o$, and we are done. -- Lucas.xue (someone pls help with a diagram)

Solution 3

E lies on the isoptic cubic of ABCD, so it has an isogonal conjugate in ABCD.


See Also

1993 USAMO (Problems • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 1 		Followed by
Problem 3
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5
All USAMO Problems and Solutions

These problems are copyrighted © by the Mathematical Association of America, as part of the American Mathematics Competitions. Error creating thumbnail: File missing

Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=1993_USAMO_Problems/Problem_2&oldid=253842"